What are the minimum skills and knowledge required to start building a web application using a vibe-coding development approach?

To start building using vibe coding, the minimum skills required is zero. But the codebase you get out of it, without knowing what you're doing, will probably be badly designed, with poorly written and unmaintainable code, full of bugs, and with lots security vulnerabilities, and performance issues.

To get a decent quality web application, you will need to have some knowledge of the various parts and areas of modern web application design & development -

Web application system design & design patterns, UI/UX design to design screens, Object Oriented class design & OO design patterns, knowledge of fundamental frontend technologies (HTML,CSS,Javascript,Typescript), knowledge of some frontend framework (React/Angular/Vue), knowledge of REST APIs, understanding of network protocols like HTTP, HTTPS & DNS, knowledge of some programming language to implement backend (JavaScript/Typescript/Java/Python/PHP/Ruby), knowledge of some backend framework depending on your language (NodeJS/NestJS/Spring/Flask/Laravel/RoR), DB schema design, some understanding of SQL and ORM for DB persistence, knowledge of testing frameworks & writing tests (unit/integration tests), some knowledge of algorithms & data structures to write good performance code, some knowledge of common web application security vulnerabilities (OWASP top 10) and how to avoid them in your application.

And apart from that you will need some basic CI/CD related skills to manage your codebase versions during development, and to build and test the application, such as Git, Github actions, Postman, and some Cloud skills manage the servers in Cloud in production, e.g. on AWS services (EC2, RDS, Route 53), and Linux.

You don't need to know all of this on day 1, but the more you know while vibe coding, the lesser time you will waste in struggling to make things work, and the better the quality of your application and codebase will be, in terms of correctness, maintainability, performance, and security.

All the best for your learning and web application development journey! 👍

You don't need any experience.
If you don't understand something you can always ask the AI to explain and then learn. Just keep in mind vibe coding at this stage is most suitable for building POCs or for small scale ideas. If you ever think of building a large scale app with a large backend data base, you can't fully rely on ai and you need to know what you're doing. Also vibe coding requires some level of patience. Like the above comment mentions, the more code you know the easier it will be for you to find bugs yourself and fix them when the ai doesn't give you the right fix.