Does java use call by value or reference for objects?

Java always uses call by value — but it can be confusing because of how it handles objects and primitives.

Breakdown: 1. Primitives (int, float, etc.): Java passes a copy of the value. Changes inside the method don’t affect the original variable. 2. Objects (including arrays): Java passes a copy of the reference (pointer) to the object, not the actual object itself. • You can modify the object’s internal state (fields) inside the method. • You cannot reassign the reference inside the method and expect it to change the caller’s reference.