
Do other countries hold government jobs in the same high regard as we do in India? Why do people go to such great lengths and take pride in?

Because it's free money once you secure the job. No need to work. Get extra commissions through bribes. Corrupt govt supports it.
Its a shame we have this broken corrupt system after all the struggles of freedom fighters

One cannot be fired, so there is a sense of assured security.
The madness for government jobs is higher in North than south. I do not mean, people in south don't prefer government jobs, but the desperation is much lower. Partly due to other alternatives available and partly due to a sense of responsibility.

Yes, & 'Corruption' is another reason.
Last year there was a surge in the governments job applicants in China as well. Not sure what reason they gave for the dramatic increase in the number of applicants.
In India it's about pride(actually authority/arrogance), power and looting
Other countries, still power and corruption will be there. But power will be within actual laws and less corruption. And certainly with less arrogance than milords of india

Korea definitely does